Appendix Three: Australian-based early intervention programs and interventions

Aboriginal Housing Office – NSW

‘Services Our Way (SOW) provides culturally appropriate service coordination, support and capacity building for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people and families experiencing vulnerability.’ It connects clients to existing non-government and government programs and services, and specialist, informal and community support.  

‘SOW has specialist Aboriginal staff who work ‘holistically and collaboratively with clients’ to develop a ‘culturally suitable and tailored solution’ to ‘address the underlying causes that contribute to daily instability and challenging situations’. 

Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people and families experiencing vulnerability 

Not identified 

• Therapeutic
• Capacity building 

• Case work
• Service referral and coordination
• Support and capacity building
• Holistic culturally safe support 

• Improved services access and use by clients
• Improved health and social outcomes 

Australian Capital Territory Government – ACT 

The ACT Government Domestic and Family Violence Training Strategy aims to improve a shared understanding and staff capabilities in responding to domestic and family violence.  

ACT Public Service staff 

Not identified 

Capacity building 

• Training and capacity building for public service employees, to equip all staff with the capability to recognise, respond to and refer colleagues, clients or staff who are experiencing domestic and family violence
• More intensive training to complement existing training received by staff in frontline roles, such as Child and Youth Protection Services case workers and sworn police officers 

• Shared understanding of what constitutes domestic and family violence
• Improved staff capability to recognise, response to and refer those impacted by domestic and family violence 

Bravehearts – Qld 

Turning Corners provides a comprehensive and integrated response to working with young people who have engaged in or are at risk of engaging in harmful sexual behaviour.  

‘The initiative works with young people between the ages of 12 and 18, and up to the age of 21 for individuals with an intellectual impairment.

Turning Corners has two program streams:

1. Turning Corners Community Program
2. Turning Corners Restorative Justice Program.’

‘Both program streams incorporate five essential components of treatment:

• community safety
• addressing harm caused
• preventing further harm
• promoting well-being
• education.’

Young people aged 12 to 18 years, and up to the age of 21 for individuals with an intellectual impairment who have engaged in or are at risk of engaging in harmful sexual behaviour 

Not identified 

• Therapeutic

Strategies and practices include:

• specialised counselling (individual, family, ecosystemic, optional group work)
• environmental risk assessments
• assessments for external agencies
• child and family advocacy (assertive case management to support children, young people and families; collaboration with service providers to support families and creative individualised wraparound supports; oversight of implementation of case plans and facilitation of review and case tracking)
• case work. 

Not identified

Brisbane South PHN – Qld 

Recognise, Respond, Refer supports general practices to recognise the signs of domestic violence, to respond supportively and provide referrals that can open a pathway to safety. 

General practitioners

Not identified

• Capacity building 

There are six areas of activity to support general practices to become part of an integrated, system-wide response to domestic and family violence:

• domestic and family violence local link (specialist worker link to service)
• workplace capacity building
• whole-of-practice approaches
• local integration
• system influence
• evaluation, design and iteration. 

Not identified

Djirra – Vic 

Dilly Bag is the next level of engagement up from Sisters Day Out (see below). ‘The program encourages personal development through a range of activities designed by and for Aboriginal women.’

One month later, Dilly Bag: The Journey is held to provide participants with ‘support and encouragement and the opportunity to reflect on the program’.  

Aboriginal women 

Not identified 

• Therapeutic
• Group work 

Through program activities participants are encouraged to share their stories and experiences and begin the healing process. The program ‘acknowledges the anger, grief, mistrust and fear caused by historic events and current government policies in Australia’ and the ongoing impact of colonisation, and takes a strengths-based approach which focuses on the ‘positive traits of participants and the richness of, and traditional values found within, Aboriginal society and culture’.  

‘Dilly Bag: The Journey incorporates overnight accommodation for participants in a calm, relaxing and culturally significant location for the duration of the program.’

The evaluation report provides the following list of expected outcomes.

• Improved family violence identification & prevention capacity 
• Improved knowledge & understanding of family violence related law and justice processes
• Increased access to support services &/or legal services
• Reduced isolation; improved community networks
• Enhanced self-esteem
• Enhanced decision-making capacity
• Enhanced connection to culture
• Improved health and well-being
• Demonstrated family violence leadership capacity

‘Dilly Bag: The Journey has an additional expected outcome:  

• participants empowered and with renewed strength to address life stressors for themselves, families and communities.’ 

Djirra – Vic 

A one-day program that brings together Aboriginal women for a day of relaxation and care.  

There is also a tailored version of the program delivered to incarcerated Aboriginal women called Sisters Day In. 

Aboriginal women 

Not identified 

• Therapeutic
• Group work

Activities are design to enhance and promote self-esteem and wellbeing, provide access to local legal and support services and raise awareness about family violence. Key strategies/practices include:

• education, training and capacity building 
• community building and social connection
• healing and recovery
• service connection and referrals. 

The evaluation report provides the following list of expected outcomes.

• Improved family violence identification & prevention capacity
• Improved knowledge & understanding of family violence related law and justice processes
• Increased access to legal advice & counselling 
• Increased access to services, including mainstream services
• Reduced isolation; improved community networks
• Enhanced self-esteem
• Enhanced decision-making capacity
• Enhanced connection to culture
• Improved health and well-being 

Djirra – Vic 

A workshop for young Aboriginal women (13 to 18 years old) that reinforces concepts of healthy and respectful relationships within a framework of Aboriginal culture, experiences and values.  

Program objectives

• Provide a culturally safe space for young Aboriginal women to connect to culture and community  
• Raise awareness around family violence, gendered violence and unhealthy relationships  
• Provide tools to identify warning signs and forms of family violence and unhealthy relationships  
• Create a local support network to learn from and go to for advice and help, if needed  
• Challenge misconceptions about Aboriginal women and family violence and to shift attitudes and beliefs 

Young Aboriginal women aged 13 to 18 years 

Cultural safety 

• Education
• Group work 

• Education, training and capacity building  
• Awareness raising
• Improving identification of warning signs and forms of family violence and unhealthy relationships  
• Strengthening cultural connections and community building

The evaluation report provides the following lists.

Outcomes

• Aboriginal teenage girls participate actively in workshops and begin to use language and explore concepts related to positive relationships and the prevention of negative images and behaviours towards women.
• Aboriginal women see their Daughters, Nieces, Cousins and others attending workshops which focus on strategies for Aboriginal teenage girls to build healthy, respectful relationships, thus reinforcing a prevention of violence against women message.
• Aboriginal teenage girls talk about safety using social media and practise ways to reduce vulnerability.
• Enhanced cultural connections through participation in Young Luv workshops. 

Impacts

• Increased safety of Aboriginal teenage girls through awareness of early signs of gender violence in relationships.
• In due course, Young Luv participants register for Sisters Day Out activity in their region.
• Extended capacity of FVPLS Victoria to address prevention of gender violence through EIP programs directed at teenagers and young women.
• FVPLS Victoria’s expertise and knowledge of attitudes and behaviours of Aboriginal teenage girls is shared and [develops] cross-sector capability to respond with positive strategies. 

Drummond Street Services – Vic 

Ready, Steady, Family is a client-centred program focused on meeting the needs of expecting and new parents as they transition to parenthood. The program’s primary aim is to prevent the onset, relapse of exacerbation of perinatal mental health difficulties. The program seeks to do this by:

• addressing the risk factors for poor perinatal mental health, including couple and family relationships difficulties, conflict, violence and social isolation
• strengthening protective factors to promote mental health, including couple and family cohesion, communication, co-parenting and social support

• All expecting and new parents
• Priority cohorts
  • LGBTIQ+
  • People from diverse language, ethnicity and faith backgrounds, and people of colour
  • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
  • Refugees and those seeking asylum
  • People living with disability 

Not identified 

• Therapeutic
• Capacity building
• Case work 

A flexible, multi-intervention program, with a diverse workforce that provides access to integrated, connected and early mental health and wellbeing prevention and intervention within a stepped care model depending on the level of need:

• intensive, long-term early interventions, typically 10+ sessions, which involve whole of family and needs assessment, whole of family counselling, practical assistance, education, and linking with other services
• medium-intensity interventions, typically between six and 10 sessions, which can include a brief needs assessment, information, education and/or referrals, and material aid
• brief, immediate assistance for families is up to six sessions and may include material aid, information, education and/or referrals to financial counselling

• Increased access to wellbeing and mental health services
• Increased family functioning
• Increased positive parent–child interactions
• Increased mental health and wellbeing for parents and carers 
• Improved coordination of services
• Workforce development for identifying and responding to mental health risk factors for new and expecting parents
• Improved capability for health professionals to provide quality care for people transitioning to parenthood
• Strengthened protective factors for health parenting, such as health partner and family connections and social connectedness 

Emerge Women and Children’s Support Network – Vic  

‘The Safe Nest Group (SNG) is a weekly, six-session group intervention for women and their infants (aged 0 to 3 years) who have recently experienced family violence and who are currently living in refuges or other stable residential housing.’ 

Women and their children aged zero to three years, who have recently experienced family violence 

• Trauma informed
• Psychodynamic
• Infant mental health
• Dyad focused 

• Therapeutic
• Group work 

‘The main aim of SNG is to prioritise the needs of the infant such that they can heal and start their recovery from the impact of FV [family violence]. Key here is strengthening and repairing the mother–infant relationship and supporting women to become safe and attuned caregivers.’  

‘Although manualised, there is flexibility in the content (e.g. how FV has affected play, identifying infant strengths, setting boundaries, co-regulation) and activities provided (e.g. sensory toys, puppet play, music and movement, bubbles) so that the program can be tailored to the age, needs and interests of the infants and their mothers.’ 

The evaluation report provides the following list of assessed outcomes, which the program aims to improve.

• Maternal depression, stress and anxiety
• Trauma symptoms experienced by mothers
• Relationship withdrawal behaviours in infants
• The quality of the relationship between mothers and their infants 

Home Base (formerly Colony 47) – Tas 

Step Up is an intervention program for young people aged 11 to 17 who are using violence at home or in relationships.  

Young people aged 11 to 17 years 

Not identified 

• Therapeutic 

The program provides one-on-one support to the young person and family or partner to find better ways to deal with conflict. Through the program, young people learn:

• nonviolent and respectful ways to communicate  
• how to ‘resolve conflict without hurting the people they care about’ (65).  

‘Parents learn positive parenting that promotes nonviolence and support at home’ (65).

Other aspects of the program include:

• case management and crisis support
• developing family safety plans
• engaging with services for young people
• service referrals. 

The Step Up final report 2021–2022 reported on key performance indicators (KPIs), rather than outcomes (66). The KPIs identified in this report are listed below. 

• Perpetrator KPIs
  • Access to appropriate rehabilitative services
  • Reduced risk factors for violence against partners and/or caregivers
  • Improved health and wellbeing outcomes in other areas, including mental health
  • Drug and alcohol use, engagement in education and training
• Partner/caregiver KPIs
  • Increased level of safety and stability
  • Improved psychological wellbeing
• Sector KPIs
  • Addressing a gap in the service sector by delivering a program that will provide capacity for adolescents and their carers or partners to receive early intervention supports to address violence
  • Improved understanding of adolescent violence in the home (AVITH) and adolescent intimate partner violence (AIPV) cohorts and service demand for each cohort 

Maranguka – NSW 

The Maranguka Justice Reinvestment Project is an Aboriginal-led grass-roots justice reinvestment project that began as a collaboration between the Bourke Tribal Council, Just Reinvest and the local community of Bourke and is now its own legally constituted entity.

The initiative aims to redirect resources that would usually be spent on prison back into the community, to address the underlying causes of imprisonment, and provide support to vulnerable children and families. The Maranguka Justice Reinvestment Project is the first major justice reinvestment project in Australia. 

Aboriginal community in Bourke 

Not identified

Large-place based, whole of community initiative. Key interventions include:

• cultural governance and leadership
• cross-sector collaboration
• collective impact
• community-led systems change
• youth services and diversionary programs. 

The initial part of the project focused on building trust between community and service providers (including police and government agencies), identifying community priorities and developing Circuit Breaker programs to reduce offending and make the community safe. Community leaders identified 11 key areas to be addressed through Circuit Breaker programs. These were:  

• justice
• employment
• education
• service delivery
• youth engagement
• drugs and alcohol
• mental health
• early childhood
• out of home care
• housing
• family violence.

Within each of these areas, results from the Circuit Breaker programs were handed over to community members through community conversations held by local facilitators, which were captured and provided back to the Bourke Tribal Council. Bourke Tribal Council then used this information to develop the goals, measures and strategies for the reinvestment project, which are reflected in the Growing Our Kids Up Safe, Smart and Strong Strategy.

Growing Up Safe, Smart and Strong takes a life course approach to building community strength through community-led local initiatives, system reform and reducing harmful contact between local young people and criminal justice systems. 

• Early years
  • Children are born healthy
  • Families support their children’s connection to culture and country
  • Children live in a safe place
  • Families value learning and feel supported and confident raising children
  • Families build strong relationships
  • Children arrive at school ready to learn
• Eight to 18 years
  • Young people feel connected to culture
  • Families build strong family relationships
  • Young people have a greater sense of identity and belonging
  • Young people feel respected and have increased self confidence
  • Young people are engaged in positive activities
  • Young people are mentally and emotionally equipped for their futures
  • Young people offend less
  • Young people are on positive pathways
• Men
  • Men feel connected to culture
  • Men feel supported to overcome trauma, grief and loss
  • Men are a on a healing journey
  • Men have meaningful employment
  • Men increase their skills in parenting and being a role model
  • Men feel respected
  • Men protect community and family wellbeing
  • Men offend less
  • Men are on positive pathways  

NSW Health Education Centre Against Violence, Ministry of Health, NSW Government – NSW

A one-day introductory course to ‘equip Bilingual Community Educators (BCEs) with the foundational skills and knowledge to deliver the Family Harmony and Healthy Relationships [FH&HR] program to their respective communities, in their first language’.

Bilingual community educators employed by NSW Health and non-government organisations

Not identified

• Education
• Capacity building

Training and capacity building through a workshop ‘designed to provide information to facilitate discussion about domestic and family violence experienced by migrant and refugee communities in Australia’.

‘A mixed- gender learning environment allows for culturally informed discussions about gender and power as well as space for participants to self-reflect on and address their own values and assumptions about domestic and family violence.  

‘BCEs … have an opportunity to increase knowledge and skills around referral pathways and resources relating to domestic and family violence.’

The course information provides the following list of learning outcomes.

• Summarise knowledge of domestic and family violence in CALD and refugee communities including referral pathways and resources
• Enhance the knowledge base and understanding of domestic and family violence amongst female and male bilingual community educators to support the delivery of FH&HR sessions.
• Explore common cultural and social beliefs and attitudes of migrant and refugee communities around gender, family and domestic violence and how this impacts individuals, communities, accountability and access to services
• Identify challenges and potential responses to address issues of domestic and family violence experienced by women and children in the community
• Explore potential repercussions faced by educators when addressing issues of domestic and family violence within their own community

Safer Families Centre of Research Excellence – Vic 

Better Man is healthy relationship website that aims to increase men’s early engagement with help-seeking to identify and reduce their use of intimate partner violence.  

The intervention is currently being trialled using a two-group, pragmatic randomised controlled trial study design.

Men who may use intimate partner violence and are aged 18 to 50 years

Not identified

• Education  
• Therapeutic

The intervention ‘includes self-directed, interactive reflection activities spread across three modules: Better Relationships, Better Values and Better Communication, with a final “action plan” of strategies and resources’.

• Increase in men’s help-seeking for relationships issues
• Increase in men’s awareness of behaviours as abusive immediately after completing the intervention
• Increase readiness to change

Salvation Army – Tas 

An action research project undertaken in partnership between University of Tasmania and Swinburne University led to the development of Safe from the Start. ‘This program provides a positive approach and toolkit to intervene early using a trauma-informed lens to support children aged zero to six who have experienced family and domestic violence’.

Children aged zero to six years

Not identified

• Capacity building
• Therapeutic

• Education, training and capacity building:
  • a training program to build the capacity of their parents and professionals who work with them to support them.
• Case work:
  • resource kit for children of books, puppets, DVDs, posters, brochures and a manual.

Not identified

Various service providers located across 32 priority sites in NSW 

Safe and Strong Families is a program funded by the NSW Government. It uses a dual model of early intervention support for ‘both victim survivors and their children who are experiencing, or at risk of experiencing, family violence’ (79).

The program (now referred to as Community and Family Support) provides a ‘soft entry point’ for vulnerable families, ‘and service providers are encouraged to work with victim survivors and their families as long as required to achieve positive outcomes’ (79).

The target group ‘includes children, young people and parents/carers who have experienced, are experiencing or are at risk of experiencing family violence’ (79) including:

• Aboriginal children, young people, families, and communities;
• 0–5-year olds;  
• children and young people at risk of disengagement from school, family and community;
• young parents with known vulnerabilities or who are experiencing multiple hardships;
• children and young people affected by a mental health condition/s  
• children under 9 years of age with low level autism and/or developmental delay and low-to-moderate support needs (79).

• Culturally safe, responsive and respectful  
• Trauma aware and informed
• Flexible and responsive  
• Person and family centred
• Strengths based
• Evidence informed  
• Holistic and collaborative  
• Capacity building  
• Localised and community centred  
• Connected  
• Integrated into everyday settings

• Therapeutic
• Education  
• Family capacity building
• Case work

Service providers deliver specialist early supports such as case management, counselling, family capacity building, education and skills training, parenting programs, and supported playgroups.  

Case workers help families to identify early indicators of violence in their homes, and deliver therapeutic, trauma-informed and culturally safe support focusing on the needs and experiences of parents and children experiencing family violence.

• Safety  
  • Reduced risk of entry into the child protection system  
  • Increased safety from family violence and (longer term) reduced rates of family violence  
• Social and community  
  • Increased inclusion and participation in community  
  • Increased sense of belonging to their community  
  • Increased client connection to supportive relationships  
• Empowerment  
  • Increased client-reported self-determination  
  • Families and carers are empowered and have confidence to understand and meet their child’s needs  
• Education and skills  
  • Increased school attendance and achievement  
  • Reduced number of children starting school developmentally vulnerable in one, or two or more Australian Early Development Census domains  
• Economic  
  • Sustained participation in employment
• Health  
  • Improved health and development of children and young people  
  • Improved parental health  
  • Improved client personal wellbeing  
• Home  
  • Sustained safe and stable housing

Sexual Assault and Family Violence Centre – Vic  

Step Up is an early intervention program delivered in partnership with Meli that works with young people aged 10 to 17 who use violence against a parent or carer and their families. It is delivered in the home setting.

Young people aged 10 to 17 years using violence or abusive behaviours towards parents/carers, and their families

Not identified

• Therapeutic
• Group work

• Family-based, integrated case management and outreach support
• Relational focus, recognising that change occurs through supporting individual in the context of family, friends and community
• Group-work program and safety planning
• Risk assessment identifying level of risk, child-to-parent aggression and impact of violent behaviours, and motivation for using violence and capacity to regulate emotions
• Action plans developed and areas for support identified, including understanding trauma, development and attachment; advocacy and referrals to other support services; supporting young people to engage or remain engaged in education; support for appropriate housing; exploring opportunities to build connection and improve relationships
• Education and behaviour change

Not identified

Tangentyere Council – NT 

‘The Family Violence Prevention Programs engage men, women and children, to understand the drivers and contributors of Family Violence which in turn empowers and educates people to pass on the knowledge for future generations to have hope and healing.’  

These programs work ‘within the integrated response to family violence to prevent family violence in Town Camps and in the wider Mparntwe/Alice Springs community’. They aim to ‘raise awareness that cultural and societal change is required to assist in moving towards a safer, healthier and stronger future for our families and community’.

Men, women and children living in Town Camps and broader Mparntwe/Alice Springs community

Not identified

• Therapeutic  
• Group work

Programs include providing the following:

• group and individual sessions for men, women and young people impacted by family violence
• referrals to appropriate agencies/pathways depending on your needs
• information and resources
• secondary consult and referral for agencies.

Not identified

Tangentyere Council – NT 

‘The Tangentyere Women’s Family Safety Group (TWFSG) was developed out of a need identified by Town Camp women for a voice and action on family and domestic violence issues.’

Aboriginal women living in Town Camp

Strengths based

• Capacity building
• Social marketing  
• Therapeutic

• Training for women in family and domestic violence for family safety
• Women’s leadership: advocacy, activism, publicity, promotion and networking to support Aboriginal women’s voices and views on the issues of family and domestic violence  
• Social marketing and resource development: resource development with messages of nonviolence
• Healing and recovery: annual retreat facilitated by the Equality Institute that includes cultural activities, intergenerational care and sessions on self-care, strategic planning and healing

Not identified

The Men’s Project, Jesuit Social Services – Vic 

Active Respect is a two-year pilot project, adapted from the US Coaching Boys into Men model. The program is being delivered to over 30 soccer clubs in partnership with Football Victoria.

The program focuses on building the leadership skills of coaches as positive role models to deliver violence prevention education sessions during the football season.

Young men aged 14 to 17 years

Not identified

• Capacity building
• Education

• Training for coaches to support their role as mentors and delivery of education sessions  
• Weekly education sessions and discussions about violence against women

The Perspectives on prevention of gender-based violence: Identifying and disrupting pathways to violence report provides this list of outcomes for adolescent players at local soccer clubs.

• Increased recognition of abusive or disrespectful behaviour.
• Increased gender-equitable attitudes.
• Greater intentions to intervene when witnessing disrespectful or abusive behaviour
• Increased actual positive interventions when witnessing abuse among peers (i.e. saying or doing something to stop the behaviour).
• Reduced negative bystander behaviours (i.e. laughing, going along with it, or not saying anything).
• Decreased dating abuse perpetration.

The Men’s Project, Jesuit Social Services – Vic  

An early intervention program for young men aged 12 to 25 years who are at risk of using violence. This program is a combination of therapeutic workshops and workforce capacity building for staff who work regularly with young people.

The program is delivered in various settings, including flexible learning schools, sporting clubs and other recreational settings.

Young men aged 12 to 25 years showing early signs of violence or who are exposed to risk factors that make them more likely to use violence

• Holistic
• Non-judgemental

• Capacity building
• Therapeutic
• Group work

Capacity building and therapeutic workshops for young people with content focused on:

• emotional literacy and regulation
• nonviolent problem-solving
• gender roles and inequality
• healthy relationships
• bystander intervention.

Engagement and capacity building is with staff who work with young people every day to build understanding of the link between behaviour and attachment style.

The Perspectives on prevention of gender-based violence: Identifying and disrupting pathways to violence report provides this list of outcomes for young people.  

• Ability to describe feelings and link thoughts to emotions.
• Identification of options/strategies for solving problems.
• Respond to pressure on them and others without using violence (staff receive training on link between attachment style and the use of violence).
• Identification of health/unhealthy behaviours and how to respond.
• Identification of different ways to safely stand up for themselves.
• School staff receive workforce training.

The Men’s Project, Jesuit Social Services – Vic 

‘WASAPP is an action research collaboration between Jesuit Social Services and the University of Melbourne that commenced in 2018 works with young people concerned about their sexual thoughts and behaviours. It developed alongside advocacy work between the two organisations to establish the Stop it Now! program in Australia.’

Children and young people concerned about their sexual thoughts and behaviours

Not identified

• Action research
• Online service

‘WASAPP aims to synthesise current evidence and generate new evidence about intervening early in problematic or harmful sexual behaviour, and to apply that evidence to the codesign of an online early intervention service for children and young people worried about their sexual behaviours. This includes:  

• exploring pathways to onset of harmful sexual behaviour  
• designing an online early intervention service for children and young people worried about their sexual thoughts and behaviours, including pornography use
• implementing and refining an online early intervention service for children and young people worried about their sexual thoughts and behaviours, including pornography use.’

Evidence base to design, implement and refine an online early intervention for children and young people

Windana – Vic 

‘Our free U-Turn program works with men to change their attitudes and behaviours around family violence, while also addressing alcohol and other drug use.

U-Turn is not limited to intimate partner violence, and can be appropriate for men who have used violence in different family relationships.

An intensive behaviour change program, U‑Turn helps you take the steps you need to manage your feelings, take responsibility and improve your relationships.

U-Turn also supports victim survivors, including partners and ex-partners and children to remain safe from violence.’ (83)

The website states U-Turn works with men who:

• Have used violence, including men on Family Violence Intervention Orders, with current or previous drug and alcohol misuse.
• Have little or no prior involvement with the criminal justice system.
• Want to change their behaviour (83).

• Harm minimisation (AOD)
• Feminist theory principles

• Therapeutic
• Behaviour change

This behaviour change program is delivered over 15 weeks.  

Sessions focus on the impacts of family violence on women and children and the harms of alcohol and drug misuse.  

Sessions build knowledge and skills in relation to emotional regulation, emotional literacy, personal responsibility and changing behaviours.

• Reduced prevalence of male family violence within the local community
• Increased safety of women and children through family safety contact
• Men understand the impacts of their behaviours on the women and children in their lives
• Men critically reflect on their use of substances, violent and/or controlling behaviours and their broader behavioural choices
• Men expand their notion of personal responsibility

• Youth Justice, Department of Human Services, Government of SA – SA
• Brisbane Youth Service – Qld 

‘K.I.N.D. (which stands for Kinship, Improving relationships, No violence and Developing skills) works with young people, partners and family members to deal with the effects of violence in their lives. The program aims to build wellbeing through enabling young people to better understand and manage their close relationships.’ (78)

Brisbane Project: Young people aged 15 to 25 years who have used or are using violence in their family setting or intimate partner relationships

South Australia Project: Young people aged 15 to 18 years

Not identified

• Therapeutic
• Group work

‘Young people are supported through an individualised, one on one program aimed at understanding their behaviours and developing skills to respond in safe, non-violent, and healthy ways.

‘The program aims to help young people develop emotional intelligence and emotional regulation, as well as develop insight into the impact of their behaviour on those around them, enhancing accountability. The program provides individual and group therapeutic sessions to the young person, their families and partners.’ (78)

Not identified